Linux Command - od

The linux od command can display files in octal and other file formats.

Display a binary file in octal:

od /usr/bin/ls

Nice hex format with single byte units and a column of printable characters.

od -A x -t x1z -v

Only 100 bytes:

od -N 100 /usr/bin/ls

Common options:

-A x	hex for file offsets
-t x1	hex, 1 byte unit
-t x1z	hex, 1 byte unit, display a column of printable chars
-t o2	octal, 2 byte units
-t d2	decimal, 2 byte unitx
-t X2	hex, 2 byte units
-v	suppress using * for duplicate lines

Example output:

$od -A x -t x1z -v -N 200 /usr/bin/ls
000000 7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  >.ELF............<
000010 03 00 3e 00 01 00 00 00 b0 6a 00 00 00 00 00 00  >..>......j......<
000020 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 14 02 00 00 00 00 00  >@....... .......<
000030 00 00 00 00 40 00 38 00 0d 00 40 00 1f 00 1e 00  >....@.8...@.....<
000040 06 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  >........@.......<
000050 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  >@.......@.......<
000060 d8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 d8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  >................<
000070 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  >................<
000080 18 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  >................<
000090 18 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  >................<
0000a0 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  >................<
0000b0 01 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  >................<
0000c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00                          >........<
0000c8
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